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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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Production vs Productivity

 Production - measures the value of an output of goods and services . 

Productivity- A measure of the efficiency of factors of production.

Numerical -  

Denim manufacturing (metres in fabric)

Input (metres in fabric)                   output                     Production                       Productivity (output/input)

100                                                    30                         30 Denim Jeans               0.3  

110                                                     30                         30 Denim Jeans               0.25

150                                                      40                        40 Denim Jeans                0.267

150                                                      45                         45 Denim Jeans                0.3


On day 1 the labours were very enthusiastic , they were using it efficiently , but by day 3 the Company become lenient so labour is wasting fabric , there input and output os going up but not with effectiveness .

Now the company is going to understand the problem so they were able to pull their production from 0.267 to 0.3

The efficiency will better thereby productivity will be better. 

Therefore an increase in production does not automatically mean an increase in productivity - it depends on how many factors of production have been utilised to supply the extra output.



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