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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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Major Heads of Accounting

Heads of Accounting 
1. Assets are economic resources that are owned  company and helps in generating revenue . For example a manufacturing firm , purchases land of new plant then it can be considered as asset , An asset is considered one which gives benefit for more than 1 accounting period. Resale value of the resource - Printer of Office , because of resale and use of it for more than 1 accounting period 
Example 2 - If an employee asks for 3 month salary in advance , then here asset is considered - advance salary is asset because that employee will work for the company for the next 3 months . This Concept is called prepaid salary or advance .
Example 3 - Accrued Income or revenue is when you have not get money for the provided services or sold goods . Due payment is asset because we will get in next accounting period. 
2. Liability - It is a Company's debt or Loans that is to be paid by company . Example - If company purchases some inventory on credit , in future they have to pay , Advance payment received from customer , loan from bank etc 
Outstanding salary is when we don't pay an employee for his work , then its a liability .
Advance payment from customer but has not provided goods or services then its a liability for us. It is called income in advance or unearned income
3. Capital - Money that owner has invested in setting up the business . 
Equity - Equity is also called as shareholder fund . It is capital and reserves both . It is also called residual value 
4. Revenue - Revenue is the cash we earn by selling something . If revenue not recived by sold the goods , it is considered revenue 
Revenue by sale of goods 
Revenue by sale of services 
Revenue earned by using the asset - rent 
Revenue is not profit , it is the total payment received by selling goods or services 
No expenses are subtracted yet.
5. Expenses - When we purchase any goods or services , expenses are incurred . It can be done immediately or delayed . If we have used any goods then it is expense , paying rent , paying interest on loan , any amount paid to run day to day business activities or run business is considered as expense .

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