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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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Risk Meaning

Broadly -Risk is uncertain . Risk is everywhere and very volatile which cannot be predicted .

In Finance terms , where there is risk there is always return. 

When you start a start up there is high risk and has high chances of getting return .

They both are related to each other .

Risk is volatile and therefore it is said higher the risk higher the return and vice versa. 

More volatile returns are , higher is risk associated with investment .

Risk and return have direct relationship with each other. 

The diagram has Y axis return and X axis Risk and a horizontal line started from 0 which shows high risk - high return , Low risk - low return.


Role of Venture Capitalist and Private Equities ?

In shark tanks people invest in start ups so they take risk by investing , not just returns of principal plus interest but more

What is Return ? 

-Additional gains you get by investing . Profits from investment .

-Gain expected by investor from investment .

- Return can be in the form of dividend and capital gains.

R= I+(P1-P2)/P2

P1= Price of security 

P2= Purchase Price of Security 

I= Cash Flow ( Dividend or Interest)

Identification of risk 

- Prevent the program 

-Quick and constant identification of events 

-To match the type of verification required to maintain risk informed decision making.

- If not identified may have severe impact 

-To understand the risk within the background and to generate a scenario of risk based on threats and events that might prevent.

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