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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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Mutual Funds


They are related to -

Equity - It always show a word called growth , even it has variation growth and dividend payout ,l when it is growth they will invest in any company , The one with high dividend they will invest only in that company .They are both risky in nature . Growth is good if kept for longer period.

Debt

Balanced Fund/Hybrid (Equity and Debt)- The proportion of debt and equity is different   example 50:50, 70:30 etc.

Gold ETF - We can purchase paper gold instead of physical gold .

Liquid Funds - also known as money market in this kind of mutual fund will invest only in money market maturity less than 1 year and they are liquid in nature.

Gilt Funds - Investing only in Government securities .

Index Funds - They fluctuate on daily basis , its not only india but in other countries like NIFTY 50 etc.

In mutual funds there are open ended schemes which means anytime invest and anytime redeem.

You have to pay 15% tax on gain and if you keep for 1 year then 10% tax

Close ended scheme any scheme started in 6 june 2023 and expiry of 9 june 2023 , they have lock-in period , it can be 1 year , 2 year etc .

Interval Funds - is a mixture of open and close ended Initially they thought they are close ended and then they got to know they are interval fund , once they need the amount they can open for a date and close once they get the amount.



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