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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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Cost of Quality

 Cost of Quality 

The diagram 

the x axis and y axis

% of defects in x axis and cost in y axis 

We are assuming there is company analysing a company making covid vaccines a factory going out the product may have defects . It could be mechanised or manual but defects can be there.

Let us say a factory gas 100% defects on the other hand one has 100% quality products are sent out and manufactured. 

0% defect is perfect quality .

There are various cost attached to quality 

Failure cost - If we are sending perfect quality goods there will be no failure . if we are producing bad quality product failure cost is high 

Internal failure when you found out the failure before sending out.

External failure when the consumer found out failure.

If one hair accessory is found out by seller then it is internal 

if found out by consumer is external . 

In internal we will put effort to improve the product.

In external brand quality , goodwill will go down . It is not monetary form of failure but apart from that there will be a bad word of mouth.


Prevention cost - in order to create product there will guidelines some prevention done to reduce defects , cost attached to not to produce defects.

A proper training should be given if someone getting raw material we need to check . Regular keep on checking the quality of the product .

In case of 0% non quality there are not doing prevention so 0% prevention cost is there when that happen if we want proper quality so prevention cost will go up.

Prevention cost includes Prevent non conformity .

The optimum quality is when the total cost of quality is less . Here we are not putting effort for preventive cost and nor having very failure. 

Perfect quality 100% is not feasible in real life.


 

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