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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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How to identify Risk

Keep these Important things in mind before you invest in companies -

For risk averse people -

1.Market capitalisation is the value of company which is 20 thousand crore rs.

2.You should see operating profit margin more than 10%

3.Return on capital employed should me more than 15% - when company needs more money after investing their , Equity +debt = Capital employed . ( Check annual report of the company through website).

4. Debt equity ratio should be less than 0.5 . (website)

When all these parameters are fulfilled it then go to Fundamental analysis.


Fundamental Analysis

Analyse the nation , then the industry and then the company . --We will calculate the value of the share of that company . 

The process of stock selection for long duration is known as Fundamental Analysis .

It is the method of measuring a security’s value .



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