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Constraints

NOT NULL CONSTRAINT -    Ensures that a column cannot have a null value. DEFAULT CONSTRAINT -    Provides a default value for a column when none is specified  UNIQUE CONSTRAINT -   Ensures that all values in columns are different  CHECK CONSTRAINT -   Makes sure that all values in a column satisfy certain criteria  PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to uniquely identify a row in the table  FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT -   Used to ensure referential integrity of the data  Primary Key - is used uniquely to identify each row in a table . It can consist of one or more columns on a table . When Multiple columns are used on a table it is called composite key.  Foreign Key - Foreign key is a column or columns that references a column most often primary key of another table . The purpose of foreign key is to maintain referential integrity of the data. Pg admin  Data base - training - right click on training - query click  Always add semi colen to run the query  Int - integer  varchar - variable charact
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Key Principles of Investing

 This topic is solely for Personal Finance . Taking care of the Money left after all expenses is what you save. 

The basic equation to understand is - 

Income - Expense = Savings 

Now Savings are the saviour when an emergency or retirement comes . 

Retirement is when you stop earning regularly and need some alternative way of income .

Coming to savings , we should invest money to use money .

Invest in such fields where you know that your money will grow .

*More risk More Return 

*- This means if you are investing in any field which has a greater risk of losing money or getting losses , then it can also bring high returns and huge profits.

Below is the Asset Allocation Classes-

1. Stock and funds - It includes mutual funds and retirement funds which are most common. Stocks are also called Equities and Shares . 

2. Bonds - These are debt instruments which includes -

Government Bonds - safest option 

Corporate Bonds 

Junk Bonds 

3. Real estate - It includes residential , commercial , agricultural area to invest your money in.

4. Commodities - These include gold , oil and natural gas , Timber , rubber , sugar etc .

5. Cash and cash equivalents - Cash is something which is short term ie liquid which includes short term government bond , bank and Fixed Deposit .

6. Cryptocurrency - This is something which is still new and more to explore topic , highly volatile , people with low investment and low risk appetite should avoid this. This includes Digital asset called Block Chain Technology .

7. Alternative Assets - These include NFT , Royal watch , car , antiques etc .


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